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The queue module in Python's standard library is useful in threaded programming when information...

In object-oriented programming, the concept of dynamic binding is closely related to...

The principle of Encapsulation is one of the main pillars on which the object-oriented...

A file object is created using open() function. The file class defines the following methods with...

Example 1 Python program to find unique numbers in a given tuple −   T1 = (1, 9, 1, 6, 3, 4,...

Python's standard data types list, tuple and string are sequences. A sequence object is an...

Since the array object behaves very much like a sequence, you can perform indexing and slicing...

Using the "[ ]" Operator A dictionary in Python is not a sequence, as the elements in dictionary...

In Python, a list is a sequence. Each object in the list is accessible with its index. The index...

Since set is not a sequence data type, its items cannot be accessed individually as they do not...

In Python, Tuple is a sequence. Each object in the list is accessible with its index. The index...

The append() Method The append() method adds a new element at the end of given array. Syntax...

Using the Operator The "[]" operator (used to access value mapped to a dictionary key) is used...

There are two methods of the list class, append() and insert(), that are used to add items to an...

Even if a set holds together only immutable objects, set itself is mutable. We can add new items...

The Common Gateway Interface, or CGI, is a set of standards that define how information is...

Apart from the literal representation of dictionary, where we put comma-separated key:value pairs...

List is a mutable data type in Python. It means, the contents of list can be modified in place,...

To run a Python program, we execute the following command in the command prompt terminal of the...

Both Python and C++ are among the most popular programming languages. Both of them have their...

Python's built-in sequence types i.e. list, tuple and string are indexed collection of items....

Since a variable in Python is merely a label or reference to an object in the memory, a simple...

In Python, a variable is just a label or reference to the object in the memory. Hence, the...

The copy() method in set class creates a shallow copy of a set object. Syntax set.copy()...

The start_new_thread() function included in the _thread module is used to create a new thread in...

This tutorial will teach you how to write a simple Hello World program using Python Programming...

Sometimes, it is necessary to execute a task in the background. A special type of thread is used...

Python's standard library has a rich collection of modules for data compression and archiving....

Data input and generated during execution of a program is stored in RAM. If it is to be stored...

A Python program can handle date and time in several ways. Converting between date formats is a...

Python's built-in str class defines different methods. They help in manipulating strings. Since...

Software applications often require to display messages output in a variety in different...

The Python syntax defines a set of rules that are used to create Python statements while writing...

Python is a feature rich high-level, interpreted, interactive and object-oriented scripting...

When we use any computer application, some data needs to be provided. Data is stored in...

Python provides various options for developing graphical user interfaces (GUIs). The most...

In Python, generics is a mechanism with which you to define functions, classes, or methods that...

Threads share the memory allocated to a process. As a result, threads in the same process can...

In a multi-threaded program, a task in a new thread, may be required to be stopped. This may be...

JSON stands for JavaScript Object Notation. It is a lightweight data interchange format. It is...

In Python, array is a homogenous collection of Python's built in data types such as strings,...

In Python, List is classified as a sequence type object. It is a collection of items, which may...

In Python, a Set is an ordered collection of items. The items may be of different types. However,...

The join() method in thread class blocks the calling thread until the thread whose join() method...

In Python, a Tuple is classified as a sequence type object. It is a collection of items, which...

The term "logging" refers to the mechanism of recording different intermediate events in a...

Since the array object behaves like a sequence, you can iterate through its elements with the...

Unlike a list, tuple or a string, dictionary data type in Python is not a sequence, as the items...

You can traverse the items in a list with Python's for loop construct. The traversal can be done,...

A set in Python is not a sequence, nor is it a mapping type class. Hence, the objects in a set...

You can traverse the items in a tuple with Python's for loop construct. The traversal can be...

In this chapter, you will get to know what a virtual environment in Python is, how to create and...

Python's standard library provides math module. This module includes many pre-defined functions...

In Python, a string (object of str class) is of immutable type. An immutable object is the one...

By default, a computer program executes the instructions in a sequential manner, from start to...

The name of a thread is for identification purpose only, and has no role as far as the semantics...

In a Python program, if there is another try-except construct either inside either a try block or...

The threading module in Python's standard library is capable of handling multiple threads and...

In this chapter, different techniques for formatting the output will be discussed. String...

A given problem may be solved by more than one alternative algorithms. Hence, we need to optimize...

Abstraction is one of the important principles of object-oriented programming. It refers to a...

The languages such as C++ and Java, use access modifiers to restrict access to class members...

Python's built-in type() function returns the class that an object belongs to. In Python, a...

You may want to define a function that is able to accept arbitrary or variable number of...

In Python, numbers are the most frequently used data type. Python uses the same symbols for basic...

Example 1 Python program to find the largest number in an array −   import array as arr a =...

array.reverse() Method Like the sequence types, the array class also supports the reverse()...

An assertion is a sanity-check that you can turn on or turn off when you are done with your...

The = (equal to) symbol is defined as assignment operator in Python. The value of Python...

This operator combines addition and assignment in one statement. Since Python supports mixed...

Python’ bitwise operators are normally used with integer type objects. However, instead of...

In Python, bool is a sub-type of int type. A bool object has two possible values, and it is...

Here is a list of Standard Exceptions available in Python − Sr.No. Exception Name &...

As of Python 3.11.2 version, there are 71 built-in functions in Pyhthon. The list of built-in...

Every Python class keeps the following built-in attributes and they can be accessed using dot...

An instance method accesses the instance variables of the calling object because it takes the...

In this chapter, let us discuss the concept of closures in Python. In Python, functions are said...

Python comments are programmer-readable explanation or annotations in the Python source code....

Comparison operators in Python are very important in Python’s conditional statements (if, else...

In object-oriented programming, an object of a class is characterized by one or more instance...

The continue statement in Python returns the control to the beginning of the current loop. When...

By default, the instructions in a computer program are executed in a sequential manner, from top...

Computer is a data processing device. Computer stores the data in its memory and processes it as...

Python’s decision making functionality is in its keywords – if, else and elif. The if keyword...

A Decorator in Python is a function that receives another function as argument. The argument...

Example 1 Python program to create a new dictionary by extracting the keys from a given...

A dictionary in Python is an object of the built-in dict class, which defines the following...

The items(), keys() and values() methods of dict class return view objects. These views are...

In Python, a docstring is a string literal that serves as the documentation of different Python...

One of the standout features of Python language is that it is a dynamically typed language. The...

The term 'enumeration' refers to the process of assigning fixed constant values to a set of...

In Python, a string becomes a raw string if it is prefixed with "r" or "R" before the quotation...

Exception chaining is a technique of handling exceptions by re-throwing a caught exception after...

If you have some suspicious code that may raise an exception, you can defend your program by...

Any code that you write using any compiled language like C, C++, or Java can be integrated or...

The function annotation feature of Python enables you to add additional explanatory metada about...

A function is a block of organized, reusable code that is used to perform a single, related...

A generator in Python is a special type of function that returns an iterator object. It appears...

Python has two identity operators is and is not. Both return opposite Boolean values. The "in"...

Inheritance is one of the most important features of Object-oriented programming methodology. It...

A class defined inside another class is known as an inner class in Python. Sometimes inner class...

In software engineering, an interface is a software architectural pattern. An interface is like a...

Iterator in Python is an object representing a stream of data. It follows iterator protocol which...

Keyword argument are also called named arguments. Variables in the function definition are used...

You can use the variables in formal argument list as keywords to pass value. Use of keyword...

List comprehension is a very powerful programming tool. It is similar to set builder notation in...

Example 1 Python program to find unique numbers in a given list.   L1 = [1, 9, 1, 6, 3, 4, 5,...

Python's list class includes the following methods using which you can add, update, and delete...

In computer science, a literal is a notation for representing a fixed value in source code. For...

With Logical operators in Python, we can form compound Boolean expressions. Each operand for...

The membership operators in Python help us determine whether an item is present in a given...

Method overloading is an important feature of object-oriented programming. Java, C++, C#...

You can always override your parent class methods. One reason for overriding parent's methods is...

A function is a block of organized, reusable code that is used to perform a single, related...

Most of the times you work with numbers in whatever you do. Obviously, any computer application...

The os module provides a big range of useful methods to manipulate files. Most of the useful...

Python has been an object-oriented language since the time it existed. Due to this, creating and...

Python is a highly object-oriented language. In Python, each and every element in a Python...

In Python as well as any programming language, Operators are symbols (sometimes keywords) that...

Python's standard library is a large collection of ready-to-use modules and packages. In addition...

In Python, module is a Python script with .py extension and contains objects such as classes,...

The term "polymorphism" refers to a function or method taking different form in different...

The list of variables declared in the parentheses at the time of defining a function are the...

It is possible to define a function in which one or more arguments can not accept their value...

In object-oriented programming, reflection refers to the ability to extract information about any...

Example 1 Python program to find common elements in two lists with the help of set operations −...

Following methods are defined in Python's set class − Sr.No Methods & Description...

In the Set Theory of Mathematics, the union, intersection, difference and symmetric difference...

A Singleton class is a class of which only one object can be created. This helps in optimizing...

is that the static method doesn't have a mandatory argument like reference to the object − self...

Example 1 Python program to find number of vowels in a given string.   mystr = "All animals...

String formatting is the process of building a string representation dynamically by inserting the...

In Python, a string is an ordered sequence of Unicode characters. Each character in the string...

Generally, three types of errors appear in a computer program: Syntax errors, logical errors and...

The standard library comes with a number of modules that can be used both as modules and as...

Since a tuple in Python is immutable, the tuple class doesn't define methods for adding or...

In manufacturing, casting is the process of pouring a liquefied or molten metal into a mold, and...

Every computer application should have a provision to accept data from the user when it is...

Python also allows you to create your own exceptions by deriving classes from the standard...

A variable in Python is a symbols name to the object in computer's memory. Python works on the...

A function in Python is a first-order object. A function can have another function as its...

The for loop in Python has the ability to iterate over the items of any sequence, such as a list...

Python supports having an "else" statement associated with a "for" loop statement. If the "else"...

Before its 3.10 version, Python lacked a feature similar to switch-case in C or C++. In Python...

The pass statement is used when a statement is required syntactically but you do not want any...

You can use a finally: block along with a try: block. The finally: block is a place to put any...

Normally, flow of execution of steps in a computer program goe from start to end. However,...

Python is a general-purpose programming language. It is suitable for development of wide range of...

You can raise exceptions in several ways by using the raise statement. The general syntax for the...

To programmatically read data from a file using Python, it must be opened first. Use the built-in...

A function that calls itself is called a recursive function. This method is used when a certain...

A regular expression is a special sequence of characters that helps you match or find other...

The array class defines two methods with the help of which we can remove an element from the...

Using del Keyword Python's del keyword deletes any object from the memory. Here we use it to...

The list class methods remove() and pop() both can remove an item from a list. The difference...

Python's set class provides different methods to remove one or more items from a set object....

Python os module provides methods that help you perform file-processing operations, such as...

In this chapter, we shall explore the different ways to rearrange the given array in the reverse...

An application that handles and delivers e-mail over the Internet is called a "mail server"....

The term "object serialization" refers to process of converting state of an object into byte...

  First step in the journey of learning Python is to install it on your machine. Today most...

Python's array module defines the array class. An object of array class is similar to the array...

The sort() method of list class rearranges the items in ascending or descending order with the...

This start() method starts the thread's activity. It must be called once a thread object is...

The "+" operator is well-known as an addition operator, returning the sum of two numbers....

The threading module provided with Python includes a simple-to-implement locking mechanism that...

Python provides different text formatting features. It including formatting operators, Python's...

Every Python program has at least one thread of execution called the main thread. The main thread...

A deadlock may be described as a concurrency failure mode. It is a situation in a program where...

A thread object goes through different stages. When a new thread object is created, it must be...

What is a Thread Pool? A thread pool is a mechanism that automatically manages a pool of worker...

Python supports multiple threads in a program. A multi-threaded program can execute multiple...

In the world of Internet, different resources are identified by URLs (Uniform Resource Locators)....

Python Variables In this tutorial, you will learn what are variables in Python and how to use...

Python is an interpreter-based language. In a Linux system, Python's executable is installed in...

The term "unpacking" refers to the process of parsing tuple items in individual variables. In...

In Python, tuple is an immutable data type. An immutable object cannot be modified once it is...

Loop Control Statements The Loop control statements change the execution from its normal...

Along with the if statement, else keyword can also be optionally used. It provides an alternate...

You can also use the except statement with no exceptions defined as follows − try: You do your...

Python uses reference counting mechanism while implementing garbage collection policy. Whenever...

Dictionary is one of the built-in data types in Python. Python's dictionary is example of mapping...

All files are contained within various directories, and Python has no problem handling these too....

List is one of the built-in data types in Python. A Python list is a sequence of comma separated...

A Python dictionary is said to have a nested structure if value of one or more keys is another...

A set is one of the built-in data types in Python. In mathematics, set is a collection of...

In Python, a string is an immutable sequence of Unicode characters. Each character has a unique...

Tuple is one of the built-in data types in Python. A Python tuple is a sequence of comma...

To write data to a file in Python, you need to open a file. Any object that interacts with input...

XML is a portable, open-source language that allows programmers to develop applications that can...